Acute diarrhea in adults is a common problem encountered by family physicians. Diarrhea in children merck manuals professional edition. Treatment goals should be directed to prevent or correct dehydration and to avoid starvation. Diarrhea infectious diarrhea diarrhea is defined as. A description is made of the intestinal physiopathology, including the. Pediatrics, university of alabama at birmingham, birmingham, al. Chronic diarrhea, defined as that lasting more than 4 weeks, is a common complaint in patients who present to the pediatricians or pediatric gastroenterologists office. Acute, prolonged and persistent diarrhea in children and its difference with chronic diarrhea. Diarrhea overview diarrhea refers to the passage of loose or watery stools or an increased frequency of stools for the child and occurs at some point in the life of nearly every child. The use of probiotics reduces by 50% the risk of antibioticassociated diarrhea. Indicase a antibioticoterapia na infeccao prolongada por salmonella, giardia, cyclospora, strongyloides e e.
No significant side effects were found in the clinical trials but rare cases of invasive infections have been reported in immunosuppressed children or those with indwelling central venous catheters. Diarrhea is frequent loose or watery bowel movements that deviate from a childs normal pattern. Persistent diarrhea has high impact on infantile morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. En europa este hecho parece tener escasa relevancia clinica, aunque en paises con. Prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea reduce growth and increase risk of persistent diarrhea in children. If diarrhea is severe or prolonged, dehydration is likely. How to do in persistent diarrhea of children concepts. The most common etiology is viral gastroenteritis, a selflimited. Persistent diarrhea summary in the worlds developing countries, the cycle of malnutrition, malabsorption, and persistent diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children. In the worlds developing countries, the cycle of malnutrition, malabsorption. Therefore, efforts should be made to promptly treat all episodes of diarrhea with appropriate followup. Diarrhea may be accompanied by anorexia, vomiting, acute weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, or passage of blood. Diarrhea is not a disease but is a symptom of a number of illnesses.
The most common etiology is viral gastroenteritis, a selflimited disease. Diarrhea 200 mlm2day 150200 gm2day chronic diarrhea decrease of consistency andor increase of frequency andor volume of stools lasting longer than two weeks, where the change in stool consistency is more important than stool frequency. Definition the world health organization defines diarrhea as the passage of three or more loose, watery stools per day however, any deviation from a childs regular stoolpassing behavior is a cause of concern and, clinically, a better working definition is any increased frequency or decreased consistency of s. The world health organization who defines diarrhea as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools per day king ck et al, mmwr recomm rep 2003 nevertheless, absolute limits are difficult to define.
Medlineplus en espanol tambien contiene enlaces a sitios web no gubernamentales. Acute diarrhea in children article pdf available in srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 1431112. Acute, prolonged and persistent diarrhea in children and its difference with. Definition of diarrhea diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools at least 3 times in a 24hour period. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual or they may come and go. Acute diarrhea is a frecuent physician consult motive and one of the most important cause of children mortality in the world. Different pathogens have been associated with acute diarrhea with blood. Departments of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition and 2.
The type of drink is not as important as simply replenishing lost water. The most frequent cause of chronic diarrhea is enteric infection in both in developing and industrialized countries. The mainstay of management of infectious diarrheal illness in children remains supportive care with oral or intravenous rehydration. Regardlessof thecausativeagent,in majority ofdiarrheal episodes infectious etiology, therapeutic management is based on hydration maintenance and. Diarrhea refers to the passage of loose or watery stools. Chronic diarrheadiarrhea that lasts at least 4 weeksmay be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea, defined as a decrease in stool consistency for more than four weeks, is a common but challeng ing clinical scenario. Causes of chronic diarrhea vary widely and differ according to the patients age. Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Enrique antonio gonzalez corona hospital infantil docente sur dr. Furthermore, others classify chronic diarrhea according to pathophysiology, and the presence or absence of failure to thrive fig. How to do in persistent diarrhea of children concepts and. In fact, diarrhea will usually go away in 23 days without specific medical therapy.
Evaluation of the patient with persistent diarrhea should start with certain screening studies. Lactobacillus reuteri y sacharomyreuteri y sacharomyces boulardii acortamiento del ces boulardii acortamiento del. In the worlds developing countries, the cycle of malnutrition, malabsorption, and persistent diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children. The causes of cnsd are increased intestinal motility and osmotic effects in gi tract, due to solutes that are high in. Chronic nonspecific diarrhea cnsd is the most common cause of chronic diarrhea during the period from 1 to 3 years of age. Enteritis viral prolongada salmonella campylobacter yersinia giardia lamblia cryptosporidium sobredesarrollo bacteriano intestinal colitis seudomembranosa por alteracion anatomica o quirurgica enterocolitis necrotizante intestino corto congenito asa ciega enf. Persistent diarrhea seems to represent the final result of several insults an infant suffers that causes a predisposition to a more severe episode of diarrhea due to a combination of host factors and high rates of environmental contamination. In most occasions this can be accomplished through a correct oral rehydration as. Comunicacion biomedica acute, prolonged and persistent. Patients who have cnsd pass stools only during waking periods and keep healthy state without weight loss and nutritional deficits. Toddlers diarrhea chronic non specific diarrhea no failure to thrive most common cause between two and four years of age intermittent and self limited 36 stool day not formed mucous and undigested food particles no pain, no distension, no vomiting no effect on weight and on nutritional status. Dec 31, 2012 the causes of chronic diarrhea are divided into infectious and noninfectious etiologies. Although diarrhea is common and rarely serious, it is important to understand when to seek help.
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